Grounding refers to the precautions taken against electrical leaks in devices found in power transmission and distribution lines.
Today, the increasing use of welding machines, spot welding machines, robots, and asynchronous motor drivers in industry generates harmonics in electrical lines and causes voltage fluctuations on metal bodies due to the magnetic fields they emit. This highlights the importance of grounding once again. As a result, electronic boards that operate at low voltage are affected and do not work reliably. The greatest importance of grounding lies in its significant role in human life. Unfortunately, many people in our country lose their lives every year due to the lack of grounding.
Grounding types are divided into four categories: protective grounding, operational grounding, functional grounding, and lightning grounding.
Protective grounding involves grounding the non-active parts of operational equipment to protect individuals working in industrial facilities from dangerous touch voltages. In networks where a star point is created or grounded through a compensation coil, the fundamental voltage should not exceed 65 V. In networks where the star point is continuously or temporarily grounded through a small-value resistor, the contact voltage should not exceed the values on the curve. The condition that the electrical quantity at any point on this curve does not exceed Q=70mAs has been met. Because research has shown that in fatal electrical accidents, this electrical quantity cannot be determined, this value is considered critical. Here, the minimum value for body resistance is assumed to be 1000 Ohms.
Operational grounding refers to grounding a point belonging to the operational current circuit in electrical facilities.
Functional grounding is the grounding that must be done to ensure that an operational element or a communication facility in enterprises performs its intended function. It is done for protection against lightning. The grounding of weak current devices and rail systems are examples of functional grounding. Since the problems that can arise from grounding primarily affect human life, time, and cost, its importance is once again emphasized.