Cryptography is derived from the Greek "kriptos" meaning secret and "graphi" meaning writing. Cryptology is the science of ciphers. Cryptology is a mathematical science and is usually based on number theory. The process of converting a text or text into a meaningless form according to a key (rule) in order to prevent it from being read by unwanted parties is called encryption.
To better understand the importance of cryptology, let's look at some examples of its use in history. The first known cryptologist was an Egyptian scribe who lived 4000 years ago. He created hieroglyphs in encrypted form to store some information. It was then used by the Spartans and King Caesar. Caesar wrote three letters after the letters themselves and used such coded texts in his state affairs. In the Second World War, Nazi Germany used encryption machines called 'enigmas'. They encrypted military strategy and intelligence with enigma, and even if the information fell into the hands of the Allies, they could not learn about Nazi plans. Then Alan Turing developed an electromechanical machine called 'Bombe', which helped decrypt the Nazi ciphers and perhaps helped the Allies win the war. Today, encryption algorithms such as (RSA, SHA-1, MD5) are mostly used for the security of the internet and the technology world.
